Below the city of Aras there is an extensive network of underground galleries, known as "Les Boves". These tunnels, which later became shelters for soldiers during World War I, are a unique and historic underground world.
Excavated from the Middle Ages (and possibly from Roman times), the tunnels under Aras were originally used as storage areas by merchants and provided the limestone needed for the buildings built there until the 19th century. From the autumn of 1916, special tunnels were being constructed to connect the old ones to each other so that they would be ready for battle.
There were 500 of them, built by the New Zealand Tunnel Company, which exploited experienced British miners, as well as the so-called "Bantam Soldiers", who were relatively short for British soldiers. For four months, the workers dug in eight-hour shifts, 24 hours a day. By the morning of the Battle of Aras (April 1917), they had completed 20 kilometers of electrically lit tunnels. The tunnels were named after New Zealand"s capital, Wellington (Carrière Wellington) and eventually turned into more than just tunnels, housing large warehouses, meeting rooms, kitchens, toilets, a hospital and a small railway network. The individual tunnels were named after New Zealand cities, from north to south, so that soldiers could find their way underground. The network of underground tunnels stretched about 20 kilometers below the city and allowed soldiers to go directly to the front lines of the war. 24,000 soldiers were underground the night before the battle.
Used both as shelters and for the movement of troops during the offensive, the tunnels contributed to the success of the Battle of Aras. Despite the many casualties - an estimated 158,000 Allied soldiers and about 120,000 Germans were killed - the sudden attack in April 1917 was generally regarded as a tactical success, leading the Allies to the final victory.
During World War II, the tunnels were reused by locals as shelters against air raids before being resealed in 1945 and forgotten, until they were rediscovered in 1990.
In 2008 the tunnels were opened to the public as part of a new museum dedicated to the memory of those who served in World War I, with a particular focus on the tunnel workers and soldiers who lived and fought under the city.