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非斯的 Zawiya Tijaniyya:Tijaniyya 教团的精神和历史中心
非斯的 Zawiya Tijaniyya 不仅对于非斯市而且对于整个伊斯兰世界来说都是一个具有深远意义的宗教、精神和历史地标。这是因为它是提贾尼亚苏菲派的母亲和主要中心。 Zawiya 位于非斯老麦地那的中心地带,靠近 Qarawiyyin 清真寺,凸显了其在该市宗教和知识结构中的突出地位。
教团的创立与扎维耶
提贾尼教团由苏菲派学者西迪·艾哈迈德·提贾尼(1737-1815)创立,他也是哈萨尼·谢里夫,出生于阿尔及利亚的艾因马迪。在学术和精神之旅结束后,西迪·艾哈迈德·提贾尼于1798年在苏丹穆莱·苏利曼的授意下定居非斯,苏丹对他十分敬重。
在非斯,西迪·艾哈迈德·提贾尼建立了提贾尼教团的母教扎维耶,使其成为传播教团教义和信条的中心。扎维耶也成为世界各地,尤其是北非、西非、中东乃至东南亚地区信徒的聚集地。
精神与历史意义
* 教团谢赫的居所:扎维耶曾是西迪·艾哈迈德·提贾尼的居所,也是他传教和朝拜的中心。1815年,提贾尼圆寂后,他被安葬于此,并将其改建成他的圣地,供信徒和追随者朝圣。扎维耶内的西迪·艾哈迈德·提贾尼陵墓被认为是提贾尼教团最神圣的地方。
* 教团教义的传播:提贾尼教团的教义从扎维耶传播开来,强调记念真主、向先知(愿主福安之)祈祷、恪守圣训、苦行和高尚的道德。
* 学术与宗教中心:除了作为苏菲派中心之外,扎维亚清真寺还在传播宗教和语言科学方面发挥着重要作用,吸引了众多学者和学生。
* 全球影响力:由于其遍布各大洲的信徒,非斯的扎维亚提贾尼耶清真寺已成为精神和文化融合的象征,并吸引了众多不同国籍的穆斯林。
建筑与装饰
非斯的扎维亚提贾尼耶清真寺采用传统的摩洛哥建筑风格,将简约与优雅融为一体。多年来,扎维亚清真寺经历了多次修复和扩建,同时保留了其原有的风貌。扎维亚清真寺包括:
* 祈祷清真寺:接待信徒和教团成员。
* 西迪·艾哈迈德·提贾尼陵墓:最神圣的部分,以传统装饰而闻名。
* 赞词与教导大厅:举行纪念圈和宗教课程的地方。
* 图书馆:收藏与该教团及宗教科学相关的珍贵手稿和书籍。
今日扎维耶
时至今日,位于菲斯的扎维耶提贾尼耶仍然是提贾尼教团充满活力的中心,每年接待成千上万来自摩洛哥国内外的游客,尤其是在宗教季节和教团的特殊庆典期间。该馆由西迪·艾哈迈德·提贾尼的后裔管理,在保存教团的遗产和传播其爱、和平与共存的精神信息方面发挥着关键作用。它是菲斯市精神和建筑遗产不可或缺的一部分。
(原文)
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أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأشهد أن محمد رسول الله
Zawiya Tijaniyya in Fes: A Spiritual and Historical Hub for the Tijaniyya Order
The Zawiya Tijaniyya in Fes is a profoundly significant religious, spiritual, and historical landmark, not only for the city of Fes but for the entire Islamic world. This is due to its status as the mother and primary center of the Tijaniyya Sufi order. The Zawiya is located in the heart of Fes's old medina, near the Qarawiyyin Mosque, underscoring its prominent place within the city's religious and intellectual fabric.
Founding of the Order and the Zawiya
The Tijaniyya order was founded by Sidi Ahmed al-Tijani (1737-1815), a Sufi scholar and Hasani Sharif, born in Ain Madhi, Algeria. After his scholarly and spiritual journeys, Sidi Ahmed al-Tijani settled in Fes in 1798 at the behest of Sultan Moulay Slimane, who held him in high esteem.
In Fes, Sidi Ahmed al-Tijani established the mother Zawiya of the Tijaniyya order, which became a central point for disseminating the order's principles and teachings. This Zawiya became a focal point for the order's followers from all over the world, especially from North and West Africa, the Middle East, and even Southeast Asia.
Spiritual and Historical Significance
* Residence of the Order's Shaykh: The Zawiya served as Sidi Ahmed al-Tijani's residence and his center for teaching and worship. After his passing in 1815, he was buried there, transforming it into his blessed shrine and a pilgrimage site for his devotees and followers. Sidi Ahmed al-Tijani's tomb within the Zawiya is considered the holiest place for the Tijaniyya order.
* Dissemination of the Order's Teachings: From this Zawiya, the teachings of the Tijaniyya order spread, emphasizing dhikr (remembrance of God), prayers upon the Prophet (peace be upon him), adherence to the Sunnah, asceticism, and noble ethics.
* Scholarly and Religious Center: In addition to its role as a Sufi center, the Zawiya played a role in spreading religious and linguistic sciences, attracting scholars and students.
* Global Reach: Thanks to its widespread followers across continents, the Zawiya Tijaniyya in Fes has become a symbol of spiritual and cultural unity and a point of attraction for Muslims of various nationalities.
Architecture and Decoration
The Zawiya Tijaniyya in Fes features a traditional Moroccan architectural style, combining simplicity with elegance. Over the years, the Zawiya has undergone numerous restorations and expansions while preserving its authentic character. The Zawiya includes:
* A Mosque for Prayer: Welcoming worshippers and followers of the order.
* Sidi Ahmed al-Tijani's Mausoleum: The most sacred part, distinguished by traditional decorations.
* Halls for Dhikr and Teaching: Where remembrance circles and religious lessons are held.
* A Library: Housing valuable manuscripts and books related to the order and religious sciences.
The Zawiya Today
To this day, the Zawiya Tijaniyya in Fes remains a vibrant center for the Tijaniyya order, receiving thousands of visitors annually from within Morocco and abroad, especially during religious seasons and special celebrations of the order. It is overseen by the descendants of Sidi Ahmed al-Tijani and plays a pivotal role in preserving the order's legacy and spreading its spiritual message of love, peace, and coexistence. It is an integral part of the spiritual and architectural heritage of the city of Fes.