(Translated by Google) Located on the southeast side of Kenrokuen, Kodatsunoguchi is one of the more reserved of the seven entrances to the garden. Compared to Katsurazakaguchi and Hasuikemonguchi, it has a more subdued atmosphere and sees fewer people, but its quiet presence is full of deep history.
The name Kodatsunoguchi comes from the Kodatsuno Plateau that continues beyond it. There are various theories about the name. According to the Kaga domain's record, "Kafu Jiseki Hitsuroku," the place name originally referred to a long, vertical strip of land called "Kodateno," which was mistakenly named "Kodatsuno." On the other hand, "Sanshu-shi" also states that the area was named after a hermitage called "Kodate-an" that existed here since ancient times. It is also said that the area was also called "Kodateno" because a warlord of the Ikko-Ikki movement built a small fort (tate) here during the Sengoku period. The fact that such various theories are mixed together shows that this area has been an important place since ancient times.
The Kodatsuno Plateau was a key defensive point to protect the southeast of Kanazawa Castle. When the third feudal lord, Maeda Toshitsune, developed the castle town, he concentrated temples in order to prevent enemy invasions, and created the Kodatsuno Temple Group, with dozens of temples densely packed together in Kodatsuno. Even today, there are many temples related to the Maeda family here, including Tentoku-in, which enshrines Tamahime, Toshitsune's wife and Tokugawa Hidetada's daughter, and Kyoo-ji, which was founded by Toshitsune's birth mother. These temples were not just religious facilities, but also served as firebreaks and defense lines for the castle town. In addition, part of the Kodatsuno Plateau still has the name "Yumi-no-machi," where the foot soldiers' houses of the archery unit were located. The archery unit supported part of the military power of the Kaga domain, and their placement shows how important Kodatsuno was to the military.
The Kodatsuno Gate was established in the Meiji era. When Kenrokuen was opened to the public as Kenroku Park in 1874, new gates were built to allow people to enter from all directions. Kodatsunoguchi was also opened at that time, and the garden was bustling with teahouses. It is hard to imagine from the quiet Kodatsunoguchi of today, but until 1976, when a toll was imposed, Kenrokuen was a common route for local residents and students to commute to work and school. Kodatsunoguchi was especially lively in the morning as students crossed the garden, and it was an unbelievable everyday sight today.
At the end of the Edo period, the area around Kodatsunoguchi became even more culturally rich. In 1863, the 13th feudal lord, Maeda Nariyasu, built Tatsumi Palace (now Seisonkaku) for his mother, completely changing the landscape of the area adjacent to Kodatsunoguchi. Seisonkaku is considered a masterpiece of feudal lord architecture in the late Edo period, and is currently designated an Important Cultural Property of Japan. In 1909, a red brick wall was built in preparation for the visit of the Crown Prince (later Emperor Taisho). Part of this brick wall can still be seen near Kodatsunoguchi, quietly conveying the atmosphere of the time.
After the war, the area around Kodatsunoguchi also played an important role when the site of Kanazawa Castle was used as the Kanazawa University campus. When the university was located within the castle, many students probably passed through Kodatsunoguchi on their way to school. In 1995, Kanazawa University was completely relocated and the site was developed into Kanazawa Castle Park, and Kodatsunoguchi once again attracted attention as a quiet passageway connecting the castle site and Kenrokuen.
Kodatsunoguchi has played many roles, including as a military defense base, the center of the cultural landscape, and a daily route for citizens. Today, there are few tourists, and it has a particularly calm atmosphere among the areas in Kenrokuen. When you pass by here, don't just pass by without thinking, but pay attention to the stories behind the place names, the group of temples on the Kodatsuno Plateau that spreads out beyond, and the beautiful gardens of Seisonkaku. The Kodatsuno entrance is the place where you can enjoy the scenic spot of Kenrokuen on a deeper level.
(Original)
兼六園の南東側に位置する小立野口(こだつのぐち)は、園内7つある入口の中でもちょっと渋めの存在だ。桂坂口や蓮池門口に比べて落ち着いた雰囲気で人通りも少なめだが、その静かな佇まいには深い歴史が詰まっている。
小立野口の名前は、その先に続く小立野(こだつの)台地に由来する。この地名についてはさまざまな説がある。加賀藩の記録『加府事跡必録』によれば、元々は「小竪野(こだての)」という縦長の土地を指す地名が誤って「小立野」となったそうだ。一方で『三州志』には、古くからこの地に「小立庵」という庵があったためにそう呼ばれるようになったともある。さらには戦国時代、一向一揆の武将が小さな砦(館)を構えたことから「小館野」とも呼ばれたとも伝わる。こうした諸説が入り交じること自体が、この地が古くから重要な場所だったことを示している。
小立野台地は金沢城の南東を守る防衛の要衝だった。三代藩主前田利常は城下町を整備する際、敵の侵入を防ぐ目的で寺院を集約し、小立野には数十もの寺院が密集する小立野寺院群をつくった。今でもここには前田家ゆかりの寺が多く、特に利常の正室で徳川秀忠の娘でもあった珠姫(たまひめ)を祀った天徳院や、利常の生母が創建した経王寺などがある。こうした寺院群は単に宗教施設というだけでなく、城下町の防火帯や防衛線としての機能も担っていた。また小立野台地の一部には、弓矢部隊の足軽屋敷が置かれた「弓ノ町」という町名も残る。弓隊は加賀藩の軍事力の一端を支える存在であり、その配置からも小立野が軍事上いかに重要視されていたかがわかる。
小立野口が設置されたのは明治時代に入ってからのことだ。明治7年(1874年)、兼六園が「兼六公園」として市民に開放された際、各方面から人が入れるよう新たに門が造られた。この頃、小立野口もそのひとつとして開かれ、当時は園内にも茶店が並び賑わったという。今の静かな小立野口の様子からは想像しづらいが、昭和51年(1976年)に有料化されるまで、地域の住民や学生にとっては兼六園が通勤通学のための日常的な通り道になっていた。特に朝の小立野口は学生たちが園内を横切るために賑わい、今では信じられないほど日常的な光景だったという。
幕末になると、小立野口周辺はさらに文化的な色合いを濃くしていく。文久3年(1863年)、13代藩主前田斉泰(なりやす)は母のために巽御殿(現在の成巽閣)を建て、小立野口に隣接するエリアの景観が一変した。この成巽閣は江戸末期の大名建築の傑作とされ、現在では国の重要文化財となっている。明治42年(1909年)には、東宮(後の大正天皇)の訪問に備えて赤煉瓦の塀が築かれた。この煉瓦塀の一部は今も小立野口からほど近い場所で見ることができ、当時の様子を静かに伝えている。
戦後、小立野口付近は金沢城址が金沢大学キャンパスとして使われていた時代にも重要な役割を果たした。城内に大学があった当時、小立野口をくぐり通学した学生も多かったことだろう。平成7年(1995年)に金沢大学が完全に移転し、跡地が金沢城公園として整備されると、小立野口も城址と兼六園をつなぐ静かな通路として再び注目されるようになった。
このように小立野口は、軍事的な防衛拠点、文化的景観の中心、市民の日常的な道など、さまざまな役割を担ってきた場所だ。今では観光客が少なく、兼六園の中でも特に落ち着いた雰囲気が漂う。ここを通る時、何気なく通り過ぎるだけでなく、地名に込められた物語やその奥に広がる小立野台地の寺院群、成巽閣の美しい庭園などにも目を向けてみるといい。兼六園という名勝を、もっと深く味わえる入口がこの小立野口なのだから。